When the fertility and crop production capacity of the land reduces, either by climatic changes or human factors, then it is known as land degradation. Discuss efforts made by India to tackle the issue. What are soil erosion and soil degradation? Land degradation—the deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils for present and future—is a global challenge that affects everyone through food insecurity, higher food prices, climate change, environmental hazards, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In-Detail To boost the infrastructure investment, a government ... What is the Importance of Mock Interviews for UPSC? Explain what you understand by land degradation. Land use/cover changes had significant influence on physical and chemical soil properties leading to land degradation. Land degradation working in tandem with climate change and biodiversity loss may force up to 700 million people to migrate by 2050. Any land, which is left fallow (uncultivated) for more than five years is categorized as Culturable Wasteland. The target for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) or restoration of degraded land decided then was 30 million hectares (mha). ... UPSC Exam Details UPSC Exam Notification ... crops are cultivated in alternate strips which are parallel to each other on the same piece of land. Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes. The analysis reveals that 96.40 million hectares (mha) area or 29.32% of the Total Geographic Area (TGA) in India is undergoing a process of land degradation during 2011-13, which is an increase of 1.87 mha area or 0.57% of TGA since 2003-05. LAND DEGRADATION. The land owned by the village panchayat comes under ‘Common Property Resources’. Back to article. The major cause for land-use change is agricultural land for food, animal feed and fibre and By 2050, over 500 Mha of new agricultural land will be needed to meet the global food demand which may worsen the scenario. Desertification is a significant global ecological and environmental problem. To attain land degradation neutrality (LDN) it is essential to have access to relevant knowledge for decision-making (Akhtar et al., 2017).With its core concerns of conserving land for ecosystem functions and services as well as food security, LDN is dependent on sustainable land management (SLM) to stabilize - and improve - the current status (Cowie et al., 2018). In this, a series of checks are put in place across the slope of a hilly surface. Even though our country is blessed with wide varieties of soils with high fertility, it is being degraded day by day by various natural and human activities. Explanation : Land Degradation is the reduction or loss of biological or economic productivity of the land. Made by – Aunj Raut Krishna Sashank LAND DEGREDATION 2. and land degradation are also occurring. Body. About 29% or about 96.4 million hectares are considered degraded. Loss of soil fertility results in low productivity. Some of them are as follows: Afforestation. Proper management of grazing. 4. Land Degradation Mapping Land degradation is temporary or permanent degeneration of productivity of land due to physical, chemical or biological factors. Land degradation encompasses change in chemical, physical and biological property of the soil. land degradation. A Centre for Excellence would be set up in Dehradun for land degradation neutrality. Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. Land is a vital resource to humankind, like air and water. Land degradation has far stretching effects on mankind, like disease, forced migration, malnutrition, cultural damage and even war. Global Initiative to Reduce Land Degradation And Coral Reef Program. Land degradation is driven by both by changes in climate or human activities. Introduction. The report-cum-atlas showed that during 2011-2013, the most recent time period to be quantified, 29.3% of the country was undergoing land degradation. Compared with 2003-2005, the country experienced a 0.57% increase in land degradation and more land has been degraded than reclaimed. In Niger, for example, the costs of degradation caused by land use change amounts to around 11% of its GDP. LAND DEGRADATION Man’s progress towards development has, however, considerably damaged our land resource base, probably since the dawn of civilization. Land desertification is a global problem and global cooperation is needed to combat desertification. India has raised the target of restoring land with degraded status from 21 million hectares to 26 million hectares (27% of total degraded land) by 2030. Highlight the status of India and land-use – India faces a severe problem of land degradation, or soil becoming unfit for cultivation. The mention of international financial institutions like Green Climate Fund (GCF), Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Adaptation Fund has been deleted from the finalised New Delhi Declaration: Investing in Land and Unlocking Opportunities, released on the evening of September 13, 2019.. This year’s UPSC Mains GS 1 has been moderate in difficulty as many questions were straightforward and directly related to the syllabus. Planting of shelter belts of plants. This is an increase of 0.57 percent compared with 2003-2005 (an area larger than the state of Nagaland). Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. The use of the WOCAT-LADA (Land Degradation Assessment) mapping approach is illustrated, with a case study from Madagascar. UNCCD 2018-2030 Strategic Framework There has also been a shift in focus from soil degradation (such as covered by the GLASOD, ASSOD and SOVEUR projects) to land degradation (e.g. Globally, nearly one-third of the total geographical area faces degradation which could cost the world roughly $300 billion due to land use change, reduced crop land and decline in productivity. 3. Human activities such as deforestation, excessive grazing by cattle etc. Environmental Pollution And Degradation Essay for UPSC IAS IPS. Land degradation is a big challenge to policy makers who need to balance the multiple goals of poverty eradication, food security and sustainable land management. One hectare of land in India produces 1 tonne of the crop as opposed to 6 tonnes in the U.S. because the fertility of the land is low in India. normally are not suitable for cultivation, hence, they … Less vegetation cover. LDN is defined as “a state whereby the amount and quality of land resources necessary to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance food security remain stable or increase within specified temporal and spatial scales and ecosystems” (UNCCD, 2016). Shakeel Anwar. The UNCCD is committed to a bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating desertification and land degradation. Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. Significant drivers of land degradation are overgrazing, unplanned urban sprawling, and deforestation. UPSC magazine covering all the monthly currentaffairs and more. Read about the various soil conservation methods that are used to control the degradation of soil such as crop rotation, afforestation, terrace farming etc. Land degradation can be caused by both manmade and natural reasons s. GK, General Studies, Optional notes for UPSC, IAS, Banking, Civil Services. It negatively affects food production, livelihoods, and the production and provision of other ecosystem goods and services. ... land pollution. Yet land degradation is putting the health, livelihoods and security of an estimated 3.2 billion people at risk. In this article, You will read Soil Erosion, Land Degradation, and Soil Conservation for UPSC (Biogeography). Factors for land degradation: Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. Keywords: Watersheds, wasteland, livestock, land degradation, common property resources. The Georgian Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources Protection rates 35% of its agricultural land as being degraded and, as per the Ministry of Agriculture, 60% of agrarian land in Georgia is of low or middle production quality. UNCCD defines desertification as “land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities”. Land degradation is the temporary or permanent decline in the productivity of the land. Approximately 6.35% of land in Uttar Pradesh is undergoing desertification/degradation. Even if someone doesn’t take geography as the optional subject, he/ she has to study this subject in order to clear the IAS exam. Even as it prepares to host a global conference on rising desertification, India faces a growing crisis of land degradation: Nearly 30% of its land area, as much as the area of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra put together, has been degraded through deforestation, over-cultivation, soil erosion and depletion of wetlands. There are significant spatial and temporal changes in the patterns of land use in India. Regular updates and information on degraded land is essential for the Government to plan necessary measures to tackle degradation processes and to plan for reclamation programmes. Natural processes play a part, but humans cause most of the damage. Land degradation is any reduction or loss in the biological or economic productive capacity of the land resource base. What is Land Degradation - Burning Issues - Free PDF Download From: Soils and Landscape Restoration, 2021. In the prelims syllabus, there are four parts such as Indian, world, physical and human geography. Land Degradation in India: Indian land yield is among the lowest in the world. Land degradation and its Causes | UPSC – IAS. Livestock vis-à-vis overgrazing is yet another factor causing degradation of the existing common pool resources (CPRs). Globally, about 24% of the global land area has been affected by degradation and over 1.5 billion people live on degraded lands (IFPRI, 2012). Using a comprehensive analysis to determine the extent, degree, and drivers of soil degradation, Oldeman et al. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. 2011-2013, India’s land degradation area was 29.3 percent of India’s total land area, i.e. less than 10 per cent of the planet’s surface willhave escaped substantial human impact. 2. Therefore we need to protect and fix the land as a vital resource.. International community came together to save land…….. The UN Convention to Combat Desertifi cation (CCD), of which Kenya is a signatory, recognizes land degradation as a global development and environment issue. Land degradation results in unprecedented damages to the whole living world…. As per the report, nearly 30 per cent of the country’s total geographical area is undergoing degradation. Changes in the characteristic of soil. Q) “India has been facing a severe problem of land degradation. Land is a finite resource is subject to competing pressures from urbanisation, infrastructure, increased food, … In this article, You will read Soil Erosion, Land Degradation, and Soil Conservation for UPSC (Biogeography). Soil erosion and land degradation together, constitute one of the major problems that disturb the ecological balance of the world. Major issues Land and forest degradation. Wind and water erosion are the two common types of soil erosion. also lead to soil erosion by aggravating the natural processes of erosion. 4-7, and 14-17 worth 100 marks. The Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) Fund, co-promoted by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and Mirova, is a first-of-its-kind impact investment fund investing in profit-generating sustainable land management (SLM) and land restoration projects worldwide. In News A government panel suggested setting up a separate organization for land management in the country. Union Environment Ministry has committed to rejuvenate 50 lakh hectares (5 million) of degraded land between 2021 and 2030. Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations & GS-III – Climate change In news. Soil erosion and land degradation together, constitute one of the major problems that disturb the ecological balance of the world. UNCCD UPSC Notes: -Download PDF Here ... Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. Deforestation is a widespread and serious type of land degradation in the region. Area of India undergoing the process of land degradation, as of 2011-13 is 96.5 million hectares of land – 29% of total geographical area INTRODUCTION The change in the characteristic and quality of soil which adversely affect its fertility is called as Degradation. Land degradation is caused by multiple forces, including extreme weather conditions particularly drought, and human activities that pollute or degrade the soil. It is also caused by human activities that pollute or degrade the quality of soils and land utility. Barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. These, in turn diminish the availability of nutrients and water to the plants and ultimately the productivity of the land. For a detailed explanation, watch the below video: Land degradation means: 1. Nearly one-third geographical area of the world is facing degradation that amounts to $300 billion. GLADA), the latter including more biophysical elements such as water, vegetation, animals and … Geomorphology physical geography fluvial erosional and depositional landforms geography upsc. Various move for land conservation National Afforestation & Eco Development Board (NAEB) Division of the MoEFCC is implementing the “National Afforestation Programme (NAP)” for ecological restoration of degraded forest areas. Contour Bunding. Physical Factors determining the use of land- topography, soil, climate, minerals and availability of water. Problems of Indian soils: Desertification occurs on all continents except Antarctica and affects the livelihoods of millions of people, including a large proportion of the poor in drylands. The extent of forest cover in 1980 and 1990, and the annual rate of deforestation, is the subject of a current FAO project, Forest resources assessment 1990. LAND DEGRADATION. Download as PDF. Land degradation occurs slowly and cumulatively and has long lasting impacts on rural people who become increasing vulnerable (Muchena 2008). For reasons outlined above, poor farmers are led to clear forest, cultivate steep slopes without conservation, overgraze rangelands, make unbalanced fertilizer applications, and the other causes noted above. Land Degradation. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. In fact, according to the UNESCO, land degradation is undermining the well-being of two-fifths of humanity, driving species extinct and intensifying climate change. Uses of Land. It can also result in the abandonment of land and desertification. Planting of shelter belts of plants. The radical changes in land use have occurred all over the country, but the changes in agricultural land use are substantial in the areas of the green revolution. Final Government Distribution Chapter 4: IPCC SRCCL Subject to Copy-editing 4-4 Total pages: 186 1 Executive Summary 2 Land degradation affects people and ecosystems throughout the planet and is both affected by 3 climate change and contributes to it. The land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. fluvial erosional and depositional landforms geography upsc ... Running water in a heavy rainfall area is the most important agent of land degradation. It can be a factor in CO2(carbon dioxide) atmospheric concentration and is thus a contributor to global climate change. The cumulative increase in desertification / land degradation between 2003-05 to 2011-13 in India was 1.87 Mha, or an increase by 0.57 per cent. The launch of Global Initiative to reduce Land Degradation … Land degradation neutrality is an idea that owes its origin to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) held in Rio in 2012, where member states recognised the need for urgent action to reverse land degradation. Changes in climate are recognized as one of the major factors responsible for land degradation affecting sustained development.
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